Answered

The head of a grass string trimmer has 100 g of cord wound in a light, cylindrical spool with inside diameter 3.00 cm and outside diameter 18.0 cm as shown in the figure below. The cord has a linear density of 10.0 g/m. A single strand of the cord extends 16.0 cm from the outer edge of the spool. (a) When switched on, the trimmer speeds up from 0 to 2 250 rev/min in 0.230 s. What average power is delivered to the head by the trimmer motor while it is accelerating? W (b) When the trimmer is cutting grass, it spins at 1 915 rev/min and the grass exerts an average tangential force of 8.80 N on the outer end of the cord, which is still at a radial distance of 16.0 cm from the outer edge of the spool. What is the power delivered to the head under load?

Answer :

Answer:

a) 72.2 W

b) 441 W

Explanation:

${teks-lihat-gambar} Busiyijide

The rotational equivalence of a force is a torque

(a) Power delivered to the head is approximately 56.23 W

(b) Power delivered to the head under load is approximately 441.184 W

The reason why the above values are correct is as follows;

The known parameters are;

Mass of the cord, m = 100 g

Inside diameter of the cord, D₁ = 3.00 cm (∴ r₁ = 0.015 m)

Outside diameter of the cord, D₂ = 18.00 cm (∴ r₂ = 0.09 m)

Linear density of the cord = 10.0 g/m

The length of a strand of cord, L = 16.0 cm

(a) Time it takes the trimmer to speed up to 2,250 rev/min from 0 is 0.230 s.

Required;

The average power delivered to the head by the trimmer motor while it is accelerating

Solution;

[tex]The \ average \ power =\dfrac{Rotational \ kinetic \ energy}{Time}[/tex]

The rotational kinetic energy = [tex]E_{rotational } = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot I \cdot \omega^2[/tex]

[tex]\omega = \dfrac{ 2,250 \times 2\times \pi}{60} = 75[/tex]

Angular speed, ω = 75 rad/s

I = Moment of inertia of the cord + Moment of inertia of strand

The cord is a hollow cylinder

Moment of inertia, I, of a hollow cylinder, with radii, a and b, is given as follows;

[tex]I = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot M \cdot (a^2 + b^2)[/tex]

Therefore, for the cord, we have;

[tex]I = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot M \cdot (r_1^2 + r_2^2)[/tex]

Therefore, we have;

[tex]I_{cord} = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 0.1 \ kg\times ((0.09 \, m)^2 + (0.015 \, m)^2) = 0.00041625 \ kg/m^2[/tex]

[tex]I_{cord}[/tex] = 4.1625 × 10⁻⁴ kg/m²

The moment of inertia of the strand that extends from the cord is given as follows;

[tex]I_{strand} = I_{cm} + M\cdot D^2[/tex]

Moment of inertia of cord

[tex]I_{strand} = \dfrac{m \cdot L^2}{12} + m\cdot \left(\dfrac{L}{2} + r_2 \right)^2[/tex]

[tex]I_{strand} = m \cdot \left(\dfrac{L^2}{12} + \left(\dfrac{L}{2} + r_2 \right)^2\right)[/tex]

[tex]I_{strand} = \dfrac{10 \times 0.16}{1,000} \times \left(\dfrac{0.16^2}{12} + \left(\dfrac{0.16}{2} + 0.09 \right)^2\right) = \dfrac{115}{2316058} = 4.965\bar {3} \times 10^{-5}[/tex]

[tex]I_{strand}[/tex] = 4.965[tex]\bar 3[/tex] kg/m²

The total moment of inertia, I = [tex]I_{cord}[/tex] + [tex]I_{strand}[/tex]

∴ I = 4.1625 × 10⁻⁴ kg/m² + 4.965[tex]\bar 3[/tex] kg/m² = 4.659 × 10⁻⁴ kg/m²

[tex]E_{rotational } = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 4.659 \times 10^{-4}\cdot (75\times \pi)^2 \approx 12.933 \ J[/tex]

[tex]Power = \dfrac{Energy}{Time}[/tex]

[tex]Power\ delivered \ to \ head \approx \dfrac{12.933 \ J}{0.230 \ s} = 56.23 \ W[/tex]

(b) The rotational speed under load = 1,915 rev/min

The tangential force exerted  on the outer end of the cord, F = 8.80 N

The distance of the cord from the spool = 16.0 cm

Torque = F × d

d = 0.16 m + 0.09 m = 0.25 m

Torque = 8.80 N × 0.25 m = 2.2 N·m

Power = Torque × ω

[tex]\omega = \dfrac{ 1,915 \times 2\times \pi}{60} \approx 200.583[/tex]

ω ≈ 200.583 rad/s

Power = 2.2 N·m × 200.583 rad ≈ 441.184 W

Power delivered to the head under load 441.184 W

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