f R = 12 cm, M = 360 g, and m = 70 g (below), find the speed of the block after it has descended 50 cm starting from rest. Solve the problem using energy conservation principles. (Treat the pulley as a uniform disk.) Solve the problem using energy conservation principles. (b) Repeat (a) with R = 5.0 cm.

Answer :

Manetho

Answer:

a)v= 1.6573 m/s

Explanation:

a) Considering center of the disc as our reference point. The potential energy as well as the kinetic energy are both zero.

let initially the block is at a distance h from the reference point.So its potential energy is -mgh as its initial KE is zero.

let the block descends from h to h'

During this descend

PE of the block = -mgh'            {- sign indicates that the block  is descending}                

KE= 1/2 mv^2

rotation KE of the disc=  1/2Iω^2

Now applying the law of conservation of energy we have

[tex]-mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2+\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2-mgh'[/tex]

[tex]mg(h'-h) = \frac{1}{2}mv^2+\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2[/tex] ................i

Rotational inertia of the disc = [tex]\frac{1}{2}MR^2[/tex]

Angular speed ω =[tex]\frac{v}{R}[/tex]

by putting vales of  ω and I we get

so, [tex]\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2= \frac{1}{4}Mv^2[/tex]

Now, put this value of rotational KE in the equation i

[tex]mg(h'-h) = \frac{1}{4}(2m+M)v^2[/tex]

⇒[tex]v= \sqrt{\frac{4mg(h'-h)}{2m+M} }[/tex]

Given that (h'-h)= 0.5 m M= 360 g m= 70 g

[tex]v= \sqrt{\frac{4\times70\times 9.81\times 0.5}{140+360} }[/tex]

v= 1.6573 m/s\

b) The rotational Kinetic energy of the disc is independent of its radius hence on changing the radius there is no change in speed of the block.

Answer:

The speed of the block is 1.65 m/s.

Explanation:

Given that,

Radius = 12 cm

Mass  of pulley= 360 g

Mass of block = 70 g

Distance = 50 cm

(a). We need to calculate the speed

Using energy conservation

[tex]P.E=K.E[/tex]

[tex]P.E=mgh[/tex]

[tex]K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2+\dfrac{1}{2}I\omega^2[/tex]

[tex]K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2+\dfrac{1}{2}I\times(\dfrac{v}{r})^2[/tex]

[tex]K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\times0.5Mr^2\times(\dfrac{v}{r})^2[/tex]

[tex]K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\times0.5M\times v^2[/tex]

[tex] K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}v^2(m+0.5M)[/tex]

Put the value into the formula

[tex]mgh=\dfrac{1}{2}v^2(m+0.5M)[/tex]

[tex]v^2=\dfrac{2mgh}{m+0.5M}[/tex]

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2mgh}{m+0.5M}}[/tex]

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\times70\times10^{-3}\times9.8\times50\times10^{-2}}{70\times10^{-3}+0.5\times360\times10^{-3}}}[/tex]

[tex]v=1.65\ m/s[/tex]

(b), We need to calculate the  speed of the block

When r = 5.0 cm

Here, The speed of the block is independent of radius of pulley.

Hence, The speed of the block is 1.65 m/s.

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