The following are the four ways used by rulers to control Italian city-states:
i) Using force
ii) Improving city services
iii) Using diplomacy
iv) Being like Machiavelli and doing anything necessary.
Explanation:
Europeans consider the Renaissance as a transition of civilization from the Middle Age to Modernity. The Renaissance covers the period of 15th and 16th centuries.
Renaissance led the way to development in human nature, civilization and kindness. Widespread of education reform is evident clearly.
During Renaissance, rulers followed many ways to control the states of Italy. Diplomacy and city services were improved to improve the life standard of people in Italy.