Answer :
4) Potential energy: 784 J
5) Potential energy: 392 J
Explanation:
4)
The potential energy of an object is the energy possessed by the object due to its position in the gravitational field. It is given by
[tex]PE=mgh[/tex]
where
m is the mass of the object
g is the acceleration of gravity
h is the height of the object from the ground
Here, for the ball sitting on top of the building, we have:
m = 2 kg (mass)
[tex]g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex] (acceleration of gravity)
h = 40 m (height of the builiding)
So, the potential energy is
[tex]PE=(2)(9.8)(40)=784 J[/tex]
5)
As the ball is half way through the fall, the height of the ball is
h = 20 m
The potential energy of the ball now is
[tex]PE = mgh[/tex]
where
m = 2 kg is the mass of the ball
[tex]g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex] is the acceleration of gravity
Therefore, the potential energy now is
[tex]PE=(2)(9.8)(20)=392 J[/tex]
And we see that the potential energy has halved: this is because part of the potential energy, during the fall, has been converted into kinetic energy, increasing the speed of the ball (which is in fact accelerating).