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In this eight-year experiment, 12 populations of E. coli, each begun from a single cell, were grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the populations, and their fitness in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral (common ancestor) E. coli population. The cells in the 12 cell lines grown in low-glucose conditions showed the effects of which of the following processes?
1.8 1.6 1.0 5,000 10,000 5,00 20,000 Generation
a. natural selection and mutation
b. conjugation and transformation
c. natural selection and gene flow
d. gene flow and genetic drift

Answer :

Natural selection and Mutation.

Explanation:

  • Natural selection is the process in which the organisms who have a desirable or favorable traits or characteristics will reproduce more.
  • In Natural selection the traits or characteristics are transfer from one generation to the next generation.
  • The organisms adapt to their environment in natural selection, it is because the frequency of genes increases in the population for favourable traits or characteristics.
  • Mutation: Any alteration or changes in the DNA or genetic sequence is termed as Mutation. Muatation may be caused due to the environmental factors such as UV radiation.

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