Answer:
1) The Supreme Court was established upon the passing of the Judiciary Act of 1789.
2) United States Congress
Explanation:
Signed by President George Washington, the Judiciary Act of 1789, established the Supreme Court of the United States as a board of six justices who were to serve on the court until death or retirement. The Supreme Court was further established by Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution.
Beyond the U.S. Supreme Court, Article 3 of the Constitution left it to the discretion of the U.S. Congress to "ordain and establish" lower federal courts to conduct judicial business of the federal government.