A variable contains five categories. It is expected that data are uniformly distributed across these five categories. To test this, a sample of observed data is gathered on this variable resulting in frequencies of 27, 30, 29, 21, and 24. Using α = 0.01, the observed value of chi-square is:_______

Answer :

akiran007

Answer:

33.293 ± 0.01= 33.303 and 33.383,

Step-by-step explanation:

We first need to fit a normal distribution , but neither the mean  nor the standard deviation is given . We therefore estimate the sample mean and sample standard deviation  s. Using the data we find ∑fx=378  and

∑fx²=1344   so that mean x` = 2.885 or 2.9   and standard deviation s =1.360

x        f                fx       x²         fx²

1       27             27        1          27

2       30           60         4          120

3       29           87         9          261

4       21            84         16        336

5       24           120       25        600          

     ∑f=131      ∑fx=378             ∑fx²=1344  

Mean = x`= ∑fx/  ∑f=  2.9

Standard Deviation = s= √∑fx²/∑f-(∑fx/∑f)²

                  s= √1344/131 - (378/131)²

                   s= √10.26-(2.9)²

                     s= √10.26- 8.41

                    s= √1.85= 1.360

Next we need to compute the expected frequencies for all classes and the value of chi square. The necessary calculations for expected frequencies , ei`s ( ei= npi`) where pi` is the estimate of pi together with the value of chi square are shown below.

Categories      zi`      P(Z<z)             pi`       Expected         Observed

                                                                    frequency ei    Frequency Oi

1                     -1.39      0.0823    0.0823       10.78                  27

2                   -0.66       0.2546     0.1723         22.57                30

3                    0.07        0.5279      0.2733       35.80                 29

4                   0.808      0.7881       0.2602        34.08                21

5                    1.54        0.937          0.1489        19.51                 24

Next we need to compute the expected frequencies for all classes and the value of chi square. The necessary calculations for expected frequencies , ei`s ( ei= npi`) where pi` is the estimate of pi together with the value of chi square are shown below.

Categories           Expected         Observed       (oi-ei)²/ei

                       frequency ei    Frequency Oi         OBSERVED VALUE

1                            10.78                  27                     24.41

2                          22.57                30                         1.54

3                          35.80                 29                        1.29

4                         34.08                21                           5.02

5                          19.51                 24                         1.033

Total                                              131                   33.293

There are five categories , we have used the sample mean and sample standard deviation , so the number of degrees of freedom is 5-1-2= 2

The critical region is chi square ≥ chi square (0.001)(2) =9.21

CONCLUSION:

Since the calculated value of chi square =9.21  does not fall in the critical region we are unable to reject our null hypothesis and conclude normal distribution provides a good fit for the given frequency distribution.

fichoh

Using the Chisquare test statistic relation, the observed value of the Chisquare statistic is 2.09

The observed value of Chisquare can be calculated thus:

  • χ² = [tex] \frac{(observed - Expected)^{2}}{Expected} [/tex]

Since the samples are uniformly distributed ;

  • Expected value = (27+30+29+21+24)/5 = 131/5 = 26.2

Substituting the Parameters into the equation :

χ² =[tex] \frac{(27 - 26.2)^{2}}{26.2} + \frac{(30 - 26.2)^{2}}{26.2} + \frac{(29 - 26.2)^{2}}{26.2} + \frac{(21 - 26.2)^{2}}{26.2} + \frac{(24 - 26.2)^{2}}{26.2} [/tex]

χ² =[tex] 0.0244 + 0.5511 + 0.2992 + 1.0321 + 0.1847 [/tex]

χ² =[tex] 2.0915 [/tex]

Hence, the Chisquare value is χ² [tex] = 2.09 [/tex]

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