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Waves weather and erode shorelines. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks on or near Earth’s surface. Weathering occurs when waves crash into rocks along the shoreline. Erosion occurs when weathered sediments are moved from one place to another. Sediments can be moved by water, wind, glaciers, or gravity.
One example of waves shaping a shoreline is the formation of a bay and headlands. Waves constantly batter cliffs, breaking down the rock they are made of. Some types of rocks, such as those made from clay or sand, break down more easily. Cliffs made of these types of rocks weather more quickly. The resulting sediments are carried away, and a bay can form. A bay is an area of shoreline that curves inland and usually has a beach. The cliffs made of rocks that do not break down as easily stay in place and extend further into the water compared to the edges of the bay. These cliffs are called headlands.
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