Answer :
Authors arrange and connect events and ideas in informational writing. Sometimes, two or more textstructures might be present in one text, although one structure usually dominates. For example, awriter may relate a series of events in the order they happened. This is called sequential text structure.Authors may also use one or two of those events to show cause and effect. This is called cause-andeffect text structure.Ask yourself questions as you read: What events does the author (or narrator) tell about? Do theevents have to happen in the order in which they are told? Does one event cause another event tohappen?Look for clues, such as transition words, to determine the text structure an author uses to organize thetext. Here are some transition words or phrases for specific text structures:Sequential: first, next, then, finally, before, not long after, soon, meanwhileProblem and solution: problem, solution, the question is, one answer isCause and effect: cause, effect, because, since, as a result, so, if . . . thenComparison and contrast: alike, in the same way to compare; unlike, but, yet to contrastDescription: for example, such as, most important
Determine how the major sections contribute to the text as a whole and to the development of ideas.Model:Like many authors of informational texts, Albert Marrin uses a variety of text structures in Flesh and Blood
So Cheap: The Triangle Fire and Its Legacy. Because Marrin is giving his readers a blow-by-blowdescription of the event, he uses an overarching text structure based on sequence, or time order. Marrinalerts his readers to this sequential text structure by referencing exact times—for example, in paragraph 3:“At exactly 4:45 p.m., someone pulled the eighth-floor fire alarm,” and in paragraph 14: “By 5:15 p.m.,exactly thirty-five minutes after flames burst from beneath a cutting table, firefighters had brought the blazeunder control.” This overarching text structure provides a framework in which Marrin lets the story unfoldas events happen. Within this framework, Marrin uses a variety of other text structures in individual paragraphs, each with a specific purpose or intent.The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire was a historic event, and Marrin uses cause-and-effect text structure to“hook” his readers in the first two paragraphs:We will never know for sure what started the Triangle Fire. Most likely, a cutter flicked a hot ash or
tossed a live cigarette butt into a scrap bin. Whatever the cause, survivors said the first sign oftrouble was smoke pouring from beneath a cutting table.Cutters flung buckets of water at the smoking spot, without effect. Flames shot up, igniting theline of hanging paper patterns. “They began to fall on the layers of thin goods underneath them,”
recalled cutter Max Rothen. “Every time another piece dropped, light scraps of burning fabric
began to fly around the room. They came down on the other tables and they fell on the machines.
Then the line broke and the whole string of burning patterns fell down.” A foreman ran for the hose
on the stairway wall. Nothing! No water came. The hose had not been connected to the standpipe.
Seconds later, the fire leaped out of control.By using a cause-and-effect text structure, Marrin is able to create a chain reaction of events to explainhow the fire spread so quickly. In sentence 3 of paragraph 1, he says: “Whatever the cause, survivors saidthat the first sign of trouble was smoke pouring from beneath a cutting table.” When water didn’t put outthe smoking spot, flames ignited the hanging patterns, and like a domino effect, the falling patterns ignitedthe fabric on the cutting tables, sending burning scraps of fabric “to fly around the room.” The cause-andeffect structure helps to build suspense, and communicate the frenzied feeling of the event.In addition, Marrin uses sequential text structure throughout the text. In paragraph 3, he references theexact time of events to enable his readers to wait expectantly for the firefighters to spring into action:At exactly 4:45 p.m., someone pulled the eighth-floor fire alarm. In less than two minutes, thehorse-drawn vehicles of Engine Company 72 arrived from a firehouse six blocks away. The momentthey arrived, the firefighters unloaded their equipment and prepared to swing into action. . . .Notice how Marrin uses transition words and phrases to alert his readers to the sequence of events: “Atexactly 4:45 p.m.,” “In less than two minutes,” “The moment they arrived.” This timeline of events enableshis readers to keep track of events as they happen.Marrin’s goal, however, is to do more than simply describe this event. He also wants his readers to“experience” this horrible tragedy on a personal level.
It should be noted that the text structures in the literary work was illustrated through the sequence and the plot in the stories.
Text structures.
It should be noted that text structures simply mean the way authors organize information in a text.
In this case, the literary work was illustrated through the sequence and the plot in the stories. By recognizing the structure, students can focus their attention on the key concepts.
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