I NEED HELP ON NUMBER 12 AND ALSO NEED EXPLANTION

picture is blurry but if they are similar find the scale between the known sides
smaller triangle bottom looks like it says 8?
the larger one is 16
8/16 = 0.5 so the smaller one is half the size of the larger one
so half of 8 is 4 so y = 4
since they are similar the angles would stay the same so angle B would be the same as s which is shown as 27 degrees.